LAST 10 YEARS DNB QUESTIONS

DNB Orthopaedics Theory December 2009
Paper 1

1. Post-operative pain management. Describe patient control analgesia.
2. Clinical features and management of stove in chest.
3. Indications of Limb salvage surgery in malignant bone tumors. Describe the techniques of limb salvage in osteosarcoma.
4. Uses of botulinum neurotoxin in Orthopaedic surgery.
5. Define pigmented villonodular synovitis. Describe pathology, clinical features, diagnosis & its treatment.
6. Give a functional classification of muscles around the shoulder. Enumerate the indications for shoulder arthrodesis. What are the pre-requisites for a good result? Describe any one technique of shoulder arthrodesis.
7. Describe pathophysiology of nerve compression (entrapment) syndromes. Enumerate various syndromes of nerve entrapment. Give an outline of the management of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome.
8. What is traumatic arthrotomy of the knee joint? What is fluid challenge test to confirm the diagnosis in doubtful cases? Outline the principles of management.
9. What are the various causes of late onset paraplegia in tuberculosis of spine? Describe the investigative modalities and outline the principles of management.
10. Describe the management of unicompartmental osteoarthrosis knee.

Paper 2
1. Management of septic arthritis in children,
2. Pathophysiology, types and clinical features of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
3. Prognostic factors and outcome in the treatment of Perthe’s disease
4. Describe Madelung deformity, classification, clinical features and management of Perthe’s disease
5. Classify congenital dislocation of knee. Comment on differential diagnosis and management
6. Draw a diagram of Floor Reaction Orthosis, What is a good indication for its use. Describe mechanism of action
7. Orthopaedic manifestation of neurofibromatosis
8. Describe muscular dynamics in calcaneovalgus deformity. Describe management in patients before and after attaining skeletal maturity
9. Classification of neurogenic bladder and management
10. What are closed chain and open chain exercises and discuss ACL rehabilitation protocol

Paper 3

1. Classification, management and complication of fractures of the femoral head and neck in children
2. What are Monteggia equivalents, discuss the principles of management of Monteggia fracture dislocation in children
3. Principles of management of a pulseless hand after supracondylar fractures in children
4. Role of ultrasound in fracture healing
5. Subacromial impingement syndrome
6. Describe indications for amputation, Principles of lower limb amputation in children
7. What is Mangled Extremity severity score(MESS), describe principles of flap coverage in proximal one third of tibia
8. Classify ankle fractures, which pattern has syndesmotic instability, what is their management?
9. What are biodegradable implants, what is their chemical composition? Mention the indications of their use, advantage and disadvantage of their use
10. What is central cord syndrome, describe its clinical presentation. How will you manage such a case?

Paper 4

1. Osteochondral allograft transplantation. Mention indications for the procedure
2. Role of Pamidronate in bone metastasis
3. What do you understand by patellar instability, describe the principles of management, before and after skeletal maturity?
4. Enumerate modalities leading to biological enhancement of fracture healing. Mention the methods of preservation of allogenic bone grafts. Comment on mode of action, advantages and disadvantages
5. Describe the pathogenesis of hallux valgus deformity; describe the role of metatarsus primary varus in the pathogenesis. How will you manage an adolescent girl with severe hallux valgus?
6. Describe various types of rickets; describe biochemical changes and clinical presentation of various types of rickets!
7. Define osteoporosis. Comment on types, causes and management
8. What is highly cross linked polyethylene? How is it manufactured? How has it affected modern total hip arthroplasty?
9. Anatomy of Lisfranc joint, and management of injuries around the joint
10. Describe gate control theory of pain. What is transcutaneous nerve stimulation and its indications?

JUNE 2009

Paper – I

1) Briefly describe the stages of fracture healing. Discuss physical or chemical modalities to enhance fracture healing.
2) Discuss prophylaxis against secondary complications of patient with polytrauma.
3) Ganz antishock pelvic fixator.
4) Describe musculoskeletal manifestations of HIV infected patients.
5) Describe pathogenesis of medial compartment osteoarthrosis. Discuss pros & cons of HTO vs unicondylar replacement.
6) Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.
7) Osteofibrous Dysplasia
8) Enumerate indications & various techniques for shoulder arthrodesis. What are the prerequisites for a good result?
9) What is malalignment test? Discuss principles of focal dome osteotomy.
10) Gene therapy in Orthopedics.




Paper II

1) Enumerate the causes of intoeing gait. How will you treat intoeing gait because of hip disorders.
2) What is congenital coxa vara? Describe its pathophysiology and outline principles of management.
3) Ober’s test.
4) Briefly discuss the clinical features and pathology of Ewing’s Sarcoma. Outline the principles of treatment in a case of Ewing’s Sarcoma of upper end of humerus.
5) How will you evaluate a child with genu valgum deformity? Outline the principles of management. What is timed epiphysiodesis?
6) Thermoplastic splints
7) Classify nerve injuries. What is the role of electrodiagnosis in differentiating various nerve lesions?
8) Discuss the principles of rehabilitation of a paraplegic patient.
9) Briefly describe the principles & steps of Ponsetti’s method of CTEV correction.
10) Enumerate various causes of claw hand. What is the pathogenesis of clawing? Discuss the principles of surgical correction.

Paper – III

1) Classify fractures of calcaneum. Outline the principles of management.
2) Elaborate the principles of LCP. What are the applications in periarticular fractures?
3) Classify epiphyseal injuries. Describe the complications. What is Langenskiold’s procedure?
4) Current concepts in the management of fracture neck & head of radius in children and adults.
5) Classify flexor tendon injuries of the hand. Describe the treatment of neglected ruptures of flexor tendons in Zone II.
6) Outline the principles of management in a case of infected non union of a long bone. How will you treat infected non union of tibia?
7) Classify fractures of the acetabulum. Discuss radiographic evaluation of acetabular trauma.
8) How will you manage a case of knee dislocation with absent distal pulsations?
9) Describe instability patterns after wrist trauma. Discuss the management of VISI (Volar Intercalated Segment Instability)
10) How will you differentiate between the cerebral sign as a result of head injury vs fat embolism syndrome? Describe in brief management of fat embolism syndrome.


Paper – IV

1) Autologous Transfusion.
2) Describe the anatomy of Distal Radio Ulnar Joint. Describe indications & technique of performing Kapandji’s procedure.
3) Sexual Dimorphism in orthopedic practice.
4) Brown Tumor.
5) Surgical Dislocation of Hip.
6) Describe anatomical classification of chronic osteomyelitis. Discuss the principles of management based on this classification. How will you fill the dead space after excision of infected tissue?
7) Describe the presentation of tourniquet palsy and its causes. What precautions are taken to prevent it?
8) Describe the anatomy of PCL. Discuss its significance in Total Knee Arthroplasty.
9) Describe the basic principle of PET scan and discuss its role in orthopedics.
10) What is pelvic support osteotomy? Outline its principles and operative technique.

Dec. 2008

Paper – I

1. Discuss Anatomy of rotator cuff. What is rotator cuff disease?
Discuss its pathogenesis and management.
2. Define and classify Rickets. Describe pathogenesis, clinical
features and management of hypophosphatemic rickets.
3. What are Biochemical markers for bone formation and bone
resorption. Discuss their role in management of osteoporosis.
4. Discuss causes of loosening after a total hip replacement.
Discuss its clinical features, diagnosis and management.
5. Discuss various methods available for treatment of Giant cell
tumor of proximal tibia in a 30 yr. old man.
6. What is claudication? Classify it and discuss its cause specific
management.
7. Discuss the etiology, Pathology , diagnosis, and management of
Gas Gangrene of the Lower Extremity.
8. Discuss approach to find out a primary tumor in a 65 yr. old
man presenting with vertebral metastasis and low backache.
9. Discuss differential diagnosis in a 25 yr. old male presenting
with mono-articular arthritis of knee joint. Tabulate the
management in an algorithmic manner.
10. What is Marfan’s syndrome? What is its orthopaedic
management?

Paper – II

1) Classify elbow dislocation. How will you manage an unreduced
posterior dislocation elbow in 10 yr. old child?
2) Define and classify cerebral palsy. Describe crouched gait and
its management in a 10 yr. old child.
3) Describe various systems, implants available for limb length
equalization. Discuss their underlying principle.
4) Give one example each of concentric and eccentric contraction
during gait cycle. How will paralysis of tibialis anterior affect
normal gait.
5) Describe Salter’s osteotomy. What are its indications, merits
and demerits.
6) What is thoracic outlet syndrome? Discuss its Anatomy . How
will you diagnose it in OPD?
7) Discuss sexual and bladder rehabilitation of a 30 yr. old male
following a complete spinal injury at D12 vertebral level.
8) Discuss indications, merits and demerits of talectomy.
9) Discuss orthotic management in a High Radial Nerve Palsy.
10) Discuss various functions of hand. How will you attain key pinch
in a quadriplegic with no useful power?


Dec. 2008 Paper – III

1) What is Polytrauma? Describe the scoring method & principles
of management of a patient with polytrauma in accident &
emergency department.
2) Describe clinical features, diagnostic criteria and treatment of
fat embolism syndrome.
3) What is floating knee? Discuss its management in a 25 yr. old
adult.
4) Describe various clinical methods to diagnose anterior cruciate
ligament injury. Describe post operative management of ACL
reconstruction by a bone patellar tendon bone graft.
5) Discuss the principles of management of Non-Union fracture
Neck of Femur in an adult.
6) What is a Toddler’s fracture? Discuss its differential diagnosis
and management.
7) How will you transport an organ after amputation to a
sterilized centre for re-implantation? What is the order of
implantation in a below elbow amputation?
8) Classify peri prosthetic fracture following a total hip
replacement. Discuss their management.
9) Discuss the principles and the biomechanics of intra-medullary
nailing.
10) Classify Pilon fractures and discuss their management.

Dec. 2008 Paper – IV
1) What is multi system organ failure? What are indicators of
mortality? Write briefly about diagnosis and management.
2) Define and classify VIC. Describe its surgical and orthotic
management in Grade II VIC of forearm.
3) Describe arches of foot. Classify Flat Foot & briefly discuss the
management principles of flat feet in a child.
4) What are the anatomical & physiological differences between
neck shaft angle and version in a child and adult?
5) Discuss principle of chondroplasty in osteoarthritis of knee joint.
6) Define multidirectional instability of shoulder joint. Discuss its
management.
7) Discuss the role of injectable steroids following spinal injury.
8) Discuss various methods of preventing deep vein thrombosis
following total knee replacement. Discuss their merits &
demerits.
9) What are indications of arthrography in a hip? Discuss various
approaches to aspirate the hip joint.
10) What is the indication & principle behind parathormone
therapy for treatment of osteoporosis? What are its merits &
demerits?

June 2008 Paper – I

1) Femoro acetabular impingement syndrome.
2) Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. Diagnosis and
management.
3) Management of Brachial artery injury in association with
supracondylar fracture of humerus.
4) Differentiating features between Osteonecrosis and transient
migratory osteoporosis.
5) Discuss the diagnosis and clinical features of DVT in orthopedic
surgery. Outline the management. What special precautions
are required if post-operative epidural analgesia is used for 4 –
5 days.
6) Discuss the approach to a patient with suspected bony
metastasis with unknown primary tumor.
7) Enumerate the radiological types of Tuberculosis Hip. How does
this classification help us in prognostication?
8) Discuss the approach to a patient of pelvic fracture with a
suspected abdominal injury.
9) Enumerate various methods of ACL Reconstruction. Discuss the
pros & cons of each method.
10) Bone defects encountered during total knee replacement and
their management.

June 2008 Paper – II

1) Discuss the types of equines contracture in cerebral palsy and
its management.
2) Describe the Anatomy of iliotibial band and the effect of its
contracture on the lower limb. How do you clinically detect the
contracture?
3) Renal Osteodystrophy
4) Scheurmans disease.
5) Pathophysiology of claw hand and its treatment.
6) Discuss the management of flexor tendon injury in zone II.
7) Describe the orthotic management of an asensate foot
particularly in reference to leprosy.
8) What are the various types of exercises? Discuss the benefits
and indications of isometric exercises.
9) What is paraffin wax? How is it useful in treatment of
orthopedic conditions? What are the indications and
contraindications of wax bath therapy?
10)Define ankle foot orthosis. What are the plastic materials used
in fabrication. Describe indications and care during daily use.

June 2008 Paper – III

1) Describe the causes of ulnar wrist pain after healing of a
distal radial fracture and discuss the management.
2) Damage control orthopaedics .
3) Classify fractures of acetabulum and role of conventional
radiology in the classification
4) Classify ankle injuries. Which fracture patterns have
syndesmotic instability & how do you manage it?
5) Classify fractures of the proximal humerus. What is the
relevance of blood supply of humerus in planning
management? How will you treat four part fractures?
6) Discuss the advances in the management of periarticular
fractures.
7) Describe the mechanism of injury & clinical presentation of
various incomplete spinal cord syndromes.
8) Differentiating features in the patho Anatomy &
management of intracapsular fracture neck of femur in
children & adults.
9) Advances in treatment of osteoporotic fractures.
10)Discuss the clinical features & management of Achilles
tendinopathy in athletes.
June 2008 Paper – IV
1) Biological therapy in inflammatory arthritis.
2) Trochanteric flip osteotomy in surgical exposures of the hip
joint.
3) Rationale for using metallic implants in osteoarticular
tuberculosis.
4) Clinical differentiation between pre-ganglionic and postganglionic
lesions of brachial plexus & its effect on the
management.
5) Transcutaneous nerve stimulation.
6) Define femoral anteversion. How do you detect it clinically?
Discuss the role of anteversion in orthopaedics diagnosis &
management
7) Pathophysiology of lumbar canal stenosis.
8) What are bisphosphonates? Discuss the role of
Bisphosphonates in various orthopedic disorders.
9) Describe the blood supply of a long bone. Discuss the effects
of various modalities of internal fixation on the blood supply.
10)Biodegradable orthopedic implants

Dec 2007
2007 DEC Paper I
1. management of multiple rib fracture with Haemopneumothorax
2. filum terminale syndrome
3. management of skeletal metastasis
4. round cell tumour. Discuss the management of multiple myeloma
5. osteoporosis
6. management of fat embolism
7. exertional compartment syndrome
8. management of haemarthrosis of knee developing in an injury
9. role of labeled WBC and multiphasic bone scan in bone Pathology
10. tuberculosis of hip joint
2007 Dec Paper II
1. etiology and pathological Anatomy of DDH
2. Mid carpal instability
3. surgical principles of flexor tendon repair
4. klippel feil syndrome
5. indications of amputation. Describe surgical principles of
amputation in children and adults
6. pes planus
7. role and mode of action of pharmacological treatment in CP
8. Calcaneovalgus
deformity. Disscuss the treatment issues in mature and immature
foot
9. madelung deformity
10. shoulder instability

2007 Dec Paper III
1. indications of Valgus osteotomy for fracture neck of femur. Discuss
the preoperative planning, Implant choice, advantages and
disadvantages of the procedure/
2. guiding principles of removal of orthopaedic implants after
fracture union. What are the current recommendations for
removal of implant in commonly encountered fractures
3. classify Periprosthetic fractures around the knee. Outline the
treatment strategy
4. Classify fractures of the Capitullumn and discuss the management
of each type
5. Surgical Anatomy of AC joint along with classification of AC joint
injuries. Briefly discuss the management.
6. what are the various protocols which have been used for
pharmacological intervention in spinal cord injuries.what is the
current opinion on pharmacological intervention
7. classify fractures of pelvis briefly discuss the management of
rotationally unstable and vertically stable injuries
8. Various methods of fixing severely osteoporotic fractures.
9. what is LISS. Discuss its role in stabilizing fractures of distal femur.
10. what is ballistics. Briefly describe the current management of
ballistic injuries of the spine.


2007 Dec. Paper IV
1. Biological enhancement of fracture healing
2. Bearing surface of total hip arthroplasty
3. Causes and treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome
4. what are the musculo skeletal manifestations of retroviral
infection
5. high tibial osteotomy
6. discuss the pharmacological treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
7. Structure and function of articular cartilage
8. Sickle cell disease
9. Classify Spondylolisthesis. Describe the management
10. Renal Rickets.

June 2007
2007 June Paper I
1. DIC
2. Enumerate bleeding disorders . How will you manage a grossly
arthritic Knee in haemophilia?
3. Tension Pneumothorax
4. Decribe the various myocutaneous flaps used to cover tibia in
different levels.
5. primitive neuroectodermal tumours
6. pathogenesis of lumbar canal stenosis? What is the differentiating
ffeature between vascular & neurogenic claudication
7. Briefly discuss the principles and priorities in managing polytrauma
8. loose bodies in knee – etiology? How will u manage a case of 30
year old sportsmanwho presents with locked knee due to
loose body
9. how will u differentiate structural scoliosis from nonstructural
scoliosis?describe infantile idiopathic scoliosis. What is the
importance of rib vertebral angle?
10. how will u manage a case of recalcitrant tennis elbow?
2007 June PaperII
1. Classify radial club hand. Describe the pathological Anatomy &
management of a 1 yr old child?
2. Classify Coxa Vara. Describe the management of adolescent coax
vara
3. describe the DD of cystic lesion in upper end of humerus in a 10
year old child. Describe the management of SBC in same
child
4. Classify fracture neck of femur in children. Describe its
management and complications briefly
5. Define Gait. Describe the aetiopathogenesis and causes of
trendleberg gait
6. what is symes amputation? Desribe the indications and
complications. What is the prosthesis suitable for symes
amputation?
7. Describe briefly the clinical features and management of SCFE?
8. Neurological deficit in caries spine; types, pathogenesis and
prognostic factors?
9. A one year old child has been successfully treated for CTEV.
Describe the orthotic management from this time to the
completion of treatment?
10. Describe the pathological Anatomy of the bursae of the hand.
Discuss the etiology, clinical feature and management of acute
infection in those bursae?

June 2007 Paper III
1. Peritalar dislocation
2. Chronic compartment syndrome
3. Hanging cast 4. what is unstable trochanteric fracture? Briefly
describe the various methods of managing unstable trochanteric
fracture
5. discuss the indications pros and cons of reamed Vs unreamed
intramedullary nailing
6. discuss the management of closed fracture shaft of humerus with
radial nerve palsy
7. Carpal instability – types, clinical features and radiological
assessment
8. Describe the Anatomy of Subacromial space. What is the
morphology of acromion process in the pathogenesis of rotator cuff
tears? How will you manage full thickness tear?
9. what is locked compression plate? Discuss the principles, clinical
situations where it is particularly usefull
10. how will you manage a case of acute Hemarthrosis Knee?


June 2007 Paper IV
1. Describe Bone remodeling unit. Briefly describe the drugs which
influence remodeling
2. PET Scan
3. Wallerian degeneration
4. Briefly describe the relevant biomechanics of the lower limb,
particularly in relation to bone cuts in total knee replacement
5. gate control theory of pain
6. what is neuropraxia? How will you differentiate it from
axonometsis during first few days of injury
7. tribology
8. tumour induced osteomalacia
9. describe the histological zones of growth plate. Discuss the
anatomical changes which takes place in rickets and Slipped
capital femoral epiphysis
10. Discuss the pathogenesis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis.
How does it differ in different age groups

Dec 2006
Paper – I

1) Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
2) Features which differentiate head injury from the cerebral
symptoms of Fat Embolism syndrome.
3) Synovioma
4) Otto Pelvis
5) Principles of surface replacement arthroplasty of hip. What
do you think are the reasons of failure of previous historical
designs compared to the modern successful design?
6) What are the various methods of closing gaps between nerve
ends during nerve repair?
7) What are the indications of spinal osteotomy in ankylosing
spondylitis? Describe the various techniques.
8) Pathophysiology of septic shock.
9) Management of a patient having fracture pelvis with urinary
retention. Restrict yourself to the management of his urinary
problem.
10)Kienbock’s disease.
2006 Dec. Paper – II
1) Name the prehensile movements of hand. What are the
tendon transfers described for opponens deficit hand?
2) Describe briefly indications, contraindications and principle
technical steps of Salter’s osteotomy.
3) How do principles of amputation differ in children as
compared to adults? What is pylon prosthesis? What are
advantages and disadvantages?
4) What is the pathological Anatomy of carpal tunnel? Describe
briefly the diagnosis and management of carpal tunnel
syndrome.
5) What are the hand deformities in rheumatoid arthritis?
Describe the pathological Anatomy and treatment of
Boutannaire’s deformity.
6) Describe briefly the aetiology, clinical features and principles
of treatment of Tom Smith arthritis.
7) Outline the calcium metabolism. What do you mean by
Vitamin D resistant rickets? Describe its clinical features and
management.
8) What is crutch palsy? Describe the orthotic management of
wrist drop.
9) Describe the pathological Anatomy , clinical features and
management of post polio calcaneus deformity in a 12 yr. old
patient.
10)What is Floor Reaction Orthosis? Describe its parts and
mechanism of function. What are its indications and
contraindications?


Paper – III

1) Describe the mechanism of injury and clinical presentation of
various incomplete spinal cord syndromes.
2) What is Lisfranc joint? Classify injuries around this joint and
principles of management.
3) Classify calcaneal fractures. Discuss the management based
on classification system. Enumerate the complications.
4) Enumerate Biodegradable implants. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of their use?
5) Classify periprosthetic fractures around the knee and discuss
their management.
6) Classify fracture acetabulum and outline the indications of
surgical treatment.
7) Classify ankle injuries. Which fracture patterns have
syndesmotic instability and how do you manage that?
8) Classify fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly. What is
the relevance of blood supply of the humeral head in
planning management? How will you treat four part
fracture?
9) What is Gas Gangrene? Discuss the clinical features,
bacteriology and principles of management.
10)Describe the causes of ulnar wrist pain after healing of distal
radius fractures. Discuss the management of DRUJ disorders.


Paper – IV

1) Describe the Physiology of micturition. Briefly discuss the
management of automatic bladder in spinal injuries.
2) Describe the arches of foot. Discuss the clinical features and
management of peroneospastic flat foot.
3) Describe the blood supply of femoral head. How does it differ
in children and adults?
4) Describe the properties of synovial fluids. How does it help in
differentiating various types of arthritis?
5) What are the stages of fracture healing? Discuss the factors
regulating fracture healing.
6) What are bone graft substitutes? How do they work?
7) Describe the metabolism of Vitamin D and its clinical
significance.
8) What are Giant cell variants? Describe in brief their
differential diagnosis.
9) What is DOTS? What is its rationale?
10)Pathoanatomy, radiology and diagnosis of Congenital vertical
Talus.


June 2006
Paper – I

1) Discuss the Pathology of osteoarthritis of knee with special
reference to the role of ACL rupture in the pathogenesis of
osteoarthritis knee.
2) Briefly describe the clinical features, types and management
of osteoid osteoma.
3) Describe in detail the synovial fluid analysis. How do you
differentiate various types of arthritides based on the
analysis?
4) Video Assisted Thoracoscopy
5) Osteochondritis Dessicans
6) Transient Migratory Osteoporosis of the hips
7) Describe various types of skin grafts. Discuss the stages of
biological incorporation of skin grafts.
8) Discuss the pathogenesis of neurospinal claudication.
9) Automatic Dysreflexia.
10)Control of air quality in a modern orthopaedic operation
theatre.


June 2006
Paper – II

1) Anterior Interosseous Nerve syndrome – Aetiology, clinical
features, differential diagnosis and management.
2) Dwyer’s osteotomy for CTEV – Indications, steps and
complications.
3) Sprengel’s Deformity. Etio pathogenesis, clinical features and
management.
4) Coxa Plana – Clinical, Radiological features, Differential
diagnosis and principles of treatment.
5) Boutannaire deformity – etiology, pathomechanics and
management.
6) Ultrasonic Therapy – Physiological effects, clinical
applications and contraindications.
7) Quadriceps Paralysis Gait – pathomechanics, compensation
employed and corrective measures.
8) Suction Socket Prosthesis – principles, indications and
advantages over conventional prosthesis and main points in
its construction.
9) Bowing of Tibia in children – Causes, types and management
of Congenital Bowing
10)Equinus Deformity in cerebral palsy – Etiopathogenesis,
evaluation and treatment.

June 2006
Paper – III

1) Fracture Talus.
2) Bennet’s Fracture dislocation
3) Hangman’s Fracture.
4) Motor March
5) Principles of Tendon Transfer.
6) Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.
7) Acromio clavicular Disruption
8) Lateral Condyle fracture of Humerus
9) Perilunar Dislocation.
10)Fracture Disease.


June 2006 Paper – IV

1) Etiopathogenesis, Pathology and management of DIC.
2) Congenital postural deformities associated with in-utero
position.
3) Raloxifene.
4) Biomechanics of Knee in relation to total knee replacement.
5) Structure and Biochemistry of articular cartilage.
6) Bryant’s Traction.
7) Biochemical markers of Bone formation and resorption.
8) Describe pathological Anatomy and radiology in CTEV.
9) Stewart and Harnaley ankle arthrodesis.
10)Enumerate various deformities of foot and ankle seen in Post
Polio Residual Paralysis (PPRP). Describe in detail the
management of Talipes Calcaneus

Dec. 2005 Paper – I

1) Define entrapment syndrome. Enumerate various entrapment
syndromes. Discuss the entrapment syndrome in relation to
the ulnar nerve in detail.
2) Bony changes in hyperparathyroidism and
hypoparathyroidism along with relevant pathophysiology.
3) Sports related injuries to soft tissues.
4) Suture Materials.
5) Finger Injuries.
6) Enumerate various classical levels of lower limb amputations.
Discuss AK amputation in detail. What is the difference in
energy consumption by the patient in AK amputation as
compared to a BK amputation?
7) Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Cool Intravenous Regional Anaesthesia in orthopedic practice.
9) Day Care Surgery.
10)Surgical audit.

Dec. 2005 Paper – II

1) Congenital vertical Talus – Etiology, Pathology , clinical,
radiological features and management.
2) Chiari Osteotomy – indications, advantages, steps of surgery.
3) Claw Hand – Etiology, patho-mechanics,principles of various
corrective procedures.
4) Bowing of Tibia in children – Causes, types, clinical features &
management of congenital bowing of tibia.
5) Klippel-Fiel syndrome – Etiology, Pathology , clinical &
radiological features, differential diagnosis & management.
6) Microwave Diathermy – its physiogical effects, clinical
applications & contraindications.
7) Describe various types of Crutches ; gait pattern with crutches.
Cool Skew Flap Amputation – indications, advantages of
conventional amputation,steps of operation and complications.
9) Post – polio equinus deformity of foot – etiopathology,
evaluation & management.
10)Floor reaction Orthosis – indications, principles and advantages.

Dec. 2005 Paper – III

1) Enumerate the types of spinal cord lesions following fracture
dislocation of C5-6 vertebrae and discuss clinical features,
treatment and prognosis of each type of lesion in adult. 25 marks
2) Describe the following in brief 15 marks each
i) Treatment of fractures of distal end of radius.
ii) Management of fracture of fracture shaft of femur that
has become infected after intramedullary fixation
iii) Treatment of radial head and neck fractures in children
iv) Management of Trochnanteric fractures in elderly.
v) Principles of management of Lisfranc injuries of foot.

Dec. 2005 Paper – IV

1) Massive Transfusion.
2) Harmon’s approach of Tibia with applied Anatomy .
3) Strength – Duration Curve.
4) Biomechanics of hip joint and its clinical applications.
5) Radionuclide bone scanning
6) Allopurinol
7) Tension band principle and its application in treatment of
fractures using a wire and plate.
Cool Pathology of tuberculous arthritis and correlation with clinical
staging.
9) Growth plate - Anatomy and pathological states affecting it.
10) Radiological and biochemical features of renal osteodystrophy and
their interpretation.

June 2005 Paper – I

Part A
1) Draw a flow chart of disaster planning at state level. What is the
concept of triage?
2) Pathology , clinical features and management of diabetic foot.
3) Nosocomial infection on orthopaedics – common organism and
preventive measures.
4) Post operative DVT – Prevention, clinical features and treatment.
5) Post Menopausal Osteoporosis – Prevention and management.

Part B

1) Crystal Synovitis.
2) Incoporation of Bone Grafts. How does it differ for cancellous and
cortical grafts?
3) Preparation and precautions required to operate HIV positive
patients.
4) Chemotherapy for osteosarcoma.
5) How does a neurological claudication differ from vascular
claudication? Enumerate the etiology of the two.

June 2005 Paper – II

Part A

1) Clinical features and management of slipped capital femoral
epiphysis.
2) Ewing’s Sarcoma
3) Pollicisation – Indications and prerequisites
4) What are parts of a shoe? Describe the modifications of a CTEV
shoe.
5) What is modified Jone’s transfer for a high radial nerve palsy?
How does it differ from original transfer?

Part B

1) Pylon prosthesis – Indications, prerequisites and advantages.
2) Botulin in cerebral palsy patients.
3) PTB prosthesis – Indications and principles.
4) Radial club hand.
5) Salter osteotomy for DDH.

June 2005 Paper – III

1) Describe the biology of fracture healing and the influence of intra
medullary rods and plates in healing. Discuss the role of various
modalities in stimulation of osteogenesis
(25 marks)
2) Describe in brief on the following (15 marks each)
i) Treatment of odontoid fracture in adults.
ii) Enumerate the complications of femoral neck fractures in
children and discuss the management in any one of the
complications.
iii) Classification and treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation.
iv) Stress, Strain, Modulus of elasticity and strength in relation
to metallic implants.
v) Rotator cuff injury in sportsmen.

June 2005 Paper – IV

Part A

1) Trendelenberg test with its anatomical basis and clinical
applications
2) Madura foot.
3) Synovial fluid and its analysis in various arthritis
4) Blood supply of head of femur and its clinical significance.
5) Morbid Anatomy , radiological and laboratory features of Multiple
Myeloma


Part B

1) Thompsons approach of radius with applied Anatomy .
2) Paralytic Bladder.
3) Methotrexae as a DMARD.
4) Therapeutic ultrasound.
5) Prophylaxis in thrombo-embolic disease.

Dec. 2004 Paper – I

1) Describe etiopathogenesis of thoracic outlet syndrome and its
management
2) Short notes on
i) Shock
ii) Haemophiliac arthropathy
iii) Compartment syndrome
iv) Ehler-Danlos syndrome
v) Acute rupture of Achilles Tendon

Dec. 2004 Paper – II

1) Discuss etiology, pathogenesis and management of Perthe’s
disease.
2) Write short notes on
i) Principles of amputation of lower limb in children
ii) Dupuytren’s contracture
iii) Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
v) Nuclear Imaging.
iv) F.R.O.

Dec. 2004 Paper – III

1) Classify pelvic fractures and discuss the management.
2) Write short notes on
i) Fracture Talus
ii) Calcaneovalgus Deformity
iii) Myositis Ossificans
iv) Biomechanics of Hip
v) Habitual Dislocation of Patella

Dec.2004 Paper – IV

1) Describe calcium metabolism. Discuss the etiology, clinical
features, diagnosis and management of nutritional rickets.
2) Write short notes on
i) Arches of foot
ii) Core decompression
iii) Bone graft substitutes
iv) Pathology of osteoarthritis
v) Sudeck’s osteodystrophy

June 2004 Paper – I

1) Osteoporosis – Definition, Etiology, Clinical features,
Investigations, Prevention and Treatment.
2) Short notes on
i) Surgery for habitual dislocation of patella
ii) Triple arthrodesis for equinus
iii) Shoe modification for valgoid tilt
iv) Fascio-cutaneous skin graft
v) Ideal stump

June 2004 Paper – II

1) Discuss the merits & demerits of operative & non-operative
treatment of simple diaphyseal fracture of tibia.
2) Short notes on
i) Bristow’s procedure
ii) Classification of Distal Radius fracture
iii) Classification of Rotatory knee instability
iv) Management of Pelvic fractures
v) Old metacarpo phalangeal dislocation

June 2004 Paper – III

1) Discuss mechanism & classification of injury around ankle joint.
Discuss diagnosis and treatment.
2) Short notes on
i) Discuss Pathology & management of infected non-union.
ii) Fracture Neck of Femur – Classification and treatment
iii) Compression & Distraction in Orthopaedics
iv) Role of Ligamentotaxis in fractures
v) Tension band wiring principle.

June 2004 Paper – IV

1) Describe bone tumour. Classification, diagnosis and treatment
modalities for Multiple Myeloma.
2) Short notes on
i) Bone Cement
ii) Intrinsic Hand
iii) Shoulder Hand Syndrome
iv) Gait Cycle
v) Osteoclast.

Dec. 2003 Paper I

1) Define Gangrene. Describe the aetiological classification & Mx
of gas gangerene?
2) Short Notes on :
i) Skin grafting
ii) Madura foot
iii) Mortons metatarsalgia
iv) DVT
v) Ewings tumour

Dec. 2003 Paper II

1. Management of ankle fractures in children
2. Pathophysiology & presentation of TB spine in children
3. Juvenile Chronic arthritis - DD & investigations
4. Osteochondritis dessicans
5. Congenital amputations of lower limb in children
6. Haemophilia knee
7. Compound palmar ganglia
8. Ulnar claw hand
9. Pes planus
10. Mono ostotoc fibrous dysplasia

Dec. 2003 Paper III

1) Recent advances in the management of intraarticular
fractures of upper end of tibia
2) Short notes on :
i) Rationale of surgical treatment of recurrent dislocation of
shoulder
ii) Hangmans fracture
iii) Calcaneum fracture
iv) Orthopaedic complications of high dose steroid
v) Sudeks Osteodystrophy


Dec.2003 Paper IV

1) Describe the mechanism of calcium homeostasis by parathyroid
hormone and the skeletal changes that occur as a result of
hyperparathyroidism. Discuss the uses and limitations of lab
investigations in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism
2) Short notes on :
i) BMP
ii) 2nd line of ATT
iii) Acute ankle sprain
iv) Growth plate & its functions
v) Stress, strain & modulus of elasticity in relationship to
implants.

Dec. 2002 Paper I

1) Aetiology, Pathology & Mx of Spinal canal stenosis
2) Short notes on :
i) Tension pneumpthorax
ii) Non specific synovitis
iii) Painful arc syndrome
iv) metastatic lesion of bone & tis management
v) Crush Syndrome

Dec. 2002 Paper II

1) Pathogenesis, Clinical features & management of Caries spine
in a child 10 yrs old
2) Short notes on :
i) Intrinsic muscles hand
ii) fibrous dysplasia
iii) Habittual dislocation patella
iv) LASER Therapy
v) Amputations in children

Dec. 2002 PAPER III

1) Management of fracture pelvis and their complications
2) Short notes on :
i) Cerebral diplegia? Line of Management?
ii) Multiple myelpma – Investigations & Management?
iii) Pes Planus –etiology & Management?
iv) Investigations of Pain in Hand?
v) Rationale of surgical Rx for recurrent anterior dislocation
shoulder?

Dec. 2002 Paper IV

1) Blood supply of head of femur in diff age groups?Management of
Idiopathic AVN of Femur?
2) Short notes on :
i) Osteogenesis imperfecta
ii) Cubitus Varus
iii) Renal Rickets
iv) Sudecks dystrophy
v) Neurogenic Bladder

June 2002 Paper I

1) Describe the various approaches to the spine
2) Short notes on :
i) Recurrent dislocation of patella
ii) Compression plating
iii) Hallux valgus
iv) Volkmans ischaemic contracture
v) Ewings sarcoma

June 2002 Paper II

1) Describe the management of claw hand
2) Short notes on :
i) CTEV
ii) Septic arthritis of hip in a child below 5 years and above
3years
iii) Epiphyseal injuries
iv) Principles of amputation in children
v) Calcaneovalgus foot

June 2002 PAPER III

1.Treatment of ununited fracture neck of femur
2.Treatment of intercondylar fracture of humerus
3.Investigation of collapse of a vertebra
4.Osteomalacia
5.Osteogenesis imperfecta
6.Post Polio Residual Paralysis
7.Diagnostic criteria of osteolytic lesion in upper end tibia
8.Pilon fracture
9.Brodies abscess
10. Costo clavicular syndrome

Paper IV

1) Describe the Anatomy of recurrent dislocation shoulder? Discuss
Management
2) Short notes on :
i) Ceramics In Orthopaedics
ii) Bone grafts
iii) Hyper parathyroidism
iv) Pigmented villonodular synovitis
v) Pes planus

2001 Paper I

1. OA Knee – pathophysiology. Discuss rationale of surgical
management of OA Knee
2. Short notes on :
i) Renal Rickets – Pathophysiology
ii) Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
iii) Hand to Knee gait in Polio
iv) Wallerian Degenration
v) Endotoxic Shock

2001 PaperII

1. Pathomechanics, Clincal features & Management of various
deformities in RA – hand?
2. Short notes on :
i) Pseudoarthrosis
ii) Neglected Cong. Talipes Equino varus
iii) Electromyography
iv) Osteochondromatosis
v) Suction socket prosthesis

2001 Paper III

1.Discuss the pathological alterations of femoral neck & head in
neglected & ununited femoral neck fractures
and their management?
2. Short notes on :
i) Traumatic paraplegia
ii) Fractures at the upper end of humerus
iii) Intercarpal instability
iv) Two level fracture of shaft of tibia
v) Fractures and dislocation of talus

2001 PAPER IV

1. Describe the development of vertebral column.Pathogenesis and
management of potts paraplegia. Discuss the treatment of resistant
cases?
2. Short notes on :
i) Biodegradable implants
ii) Rigid flat foot
iii) wrist drop
iv) Compartment Syndrome
v) Symes amputation